LIBOR

« Back to Glossary Index

LIBOR, or the London Interbank Offered Rate, has long been a central pillar of the global financial system. Introduced in the 1980s, this interest rate was determined daily from the rates at which major international banks lent money to each other on the London interbank market. LIBOR was used as a benchmark for a multitude of financial products, from mortgages and student loans to derivatives and bonds. In 2012, it was estimated to directly or indirectly influence some $350,000 billion worth of financial instruments.

However, despite its vital importance, LIBOR has been weakened by manipulation scandals. Between 2005 and 2012, several banks were accused of falsely reporting the rates at which they borrowed in order to influence LIBOR, thereby distorting the market to the benefit of their own financial positions. The scandal shook confidence in what was considered a neutral benchmark, leading to massive fines for the institutions involved and a loss of credibility for the rate.

In response to this crisis of confidence, financial regulators decided to gradually replace LIBOR with alternative rates. In the USA, for example, the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) was introduced as a substitute. Unlike LIBOR, which was based on bank statements and therefore vulnerable to manipulation, SOFR is based on actual transactions, making it more reliable.

The transition to these new rates, initiated in 2021, must be completed by 2023. It represents a major overhaul of the global financial system, with far-reaching implications for institutions and investors alike. The departure of LIBOR marks the end of an era, and ushers in a period of reforms designed to enhance the transparency and resilience of financial markets.

« Back to Glossary Index

More definitions